http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/10 Thu, 03 Sep 2026 03:06:32 GMT 2026-09-03T03:06:32Z http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7989 Hedging Effectiveness and Safe Haven Properties Of Gold: An Empirical Evidence From Gold Consuming, Gold Producing And Key Currency Countries Jambotkar, Mrunali M. Thu, 01 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7989 2024-02-01T00:00:00Z http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7944 Phonetic-based enhancement to Devanagari orthography for Konkani Fadte, S.S.; Vaz, E.; Redkar, H.H.; Thakkar, G.; Karmali, R.; Wagh, R.S.; Kundaikar, T. Konkani, a low-resourced language spoken along India's western coast, is officially written in the Devanagari script. Konkani came to be written in multiple scripts such as Devanagari, Roman, Kannada, Malayalam, and Perso-Arabic. Of these, the Devanagari script is recognised as the official script. Using a script that is not tailored for a certain language often gives rise to grapheme-phoneme mismatch. This becomes more complicated due to the very nature of rigidness of scripts as compared to the evolving nature of languages. In this paper, we try to address the grapheme-phoneme mismatch as regards to the officially accepted Devanagari script of Konkani. Some symbols present in the Devanagari script such as the ऋ representing the [r̩], or the retroflex [ʂ] do not represent the nature of Konkani. On the other hand, some unique vowel and consonant phonemes of the Konkani language are left with no representation in the script. This has led to ambiguity in pronunciation and spelling. To give an example, the Konkani word when written as चोर is unclear as regards its number. It is the pronunciation of the word that signals the correct number. [t͡sor] means (singular) ‘thief’ and [t͡ʃɔr] means (plural) ‘thieves’. Also, the grapheme च is used to represent two consonant phonemes in Konkani namely [t͡s] and [t͡ʃ] (discussed later). Such cases pose language learning/writing challenges for the native and non-native speakers. Some proposals for modification of the script to suit Konkani language did come from Konkani linguists and some lexicographers but these were not really pursued further. Although there are some orthography rules proposed to cater to issues of the above kind, their application is kept limited. To give an example, the diacriticॅ is suggested for showing the open vowel ɛ in Konkani but this rule is restricted for writing only those words that are borrowed from English. What this rule misses to capture is that in Konkani /ɛ/ is a phoneme and is present in native words of the language too and not just in borrowed words. Such selective rule framing has created confusion among language learners. In this paper, we examine the limitations of the Devanagari script and advocate script modification that addresses the phonological requirements of Konkani language. Devanagari character set modifications mainly include repurposing existing but underutilized diacritics or introducing minor changes as regards language-specific characters of Konkani. As the standardization of written Konkani is relatively recent, implementing such changes may be both timely and practical especially from a computational point of view. Notably, all necessary characters already exist within the Devanagari Unicode block, yet their use is constrained by current orthography norms. Revisiting these conventions would enhance written accuracy and phonetic-based orthography rules. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7944 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7943 Trade Openness, Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions in India: Evidence from ARDL Models with Structural Breaks Gawas, A.; SarathChandran, B.P. This study examines the long- and short-run dynamics of trade openness, economic growth and CO sub(2) emissions in India within the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework. Drawing on annual data spanning from 1971 to 2021, the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach is employed alongside the Bai-Perron multiple structural break controls, estimated across three interconnected specifications, namely an economic growth model, an environmental quality model and a nonlinear EKC model. Stable long-run cointegrating relationships are confirmed across all specifications. The EKC hypothesis is supported by the coefficient estimates, with an estimated income turning point of approximately dollar 6,300 per capita, which is well above India's current income level, implying that CO sub(2) emissions will continue to rise with economic growth if there is no deliberate structural intervention. Trade openness increases emissions in the long run as scale effects dominate, indicating a scale-effect-driven trade pattern in India. Energy consumption emerges as the dominant long-run driver of emissions. Structural breaks identified in 1978, 1984, 2009 and 2014 capture India's major developmental transitions and are found to exert persistent effects on both growth and emissions. The findings underscore that India's 2070 net-zero commitment requires an integrated trade-energy-climate policy framework rather than reliance on income-driven environmental improvement alone. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7943 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7937 A Study of the Factors Influencing Eating Regulation: A Holistic Approach D’Souza, Kevin Savio Fri, 01 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7937 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z