http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/6603 Wed, 08 Apr 2026 11:23:14 GMT 2026-04-08T11:23:14Z http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7696 Between Ecocentrism and Anthropocentrism: Situating Gandhian Philosophy of Environment Tharakan, K.; George, V.M. While Gandhi is portrayed as an inspiration for proponents of ecocentrism, specifically Deep Ecologists like Arne Naess, Ramachandra Guha suggests that Gandhi was more concerned with anthropocentrism. Rather than ascertaining whether Gandhi was a Deep Ecologist, this paper aims to determine the implications of his philosophical anthropology for the Anthropocene. Dwelling on Gandhi's comprehension of the other, including non-human nature, we situate Gandhian environmentalism between ecocentrism and anthropocentrism as a weak form of anthropocentrism that can be interpreted as 'stewardship' with the potential for an ethic of care. The Gandhian ideals of Swadeshi, Swaraj, and Sarvodaya are invoked to discuss the significance and alignment of Gandhi's philosophy of environment to contemporary ideals of ecologically and socially sustainable societies. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7696 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7682 A 'Pathless Land' of compassion: An ethical perspective of Jiddu Krishnamurti and Zen K?ans Brajkov, B.; Tharakan, K. The connection between the metaphysics of the self and ethics is often relegated to the margins in the mainstream philosophies. Be it the empiricists following Hume concerning the gulf between the "is-ought" judgments or contemporary analytic philosophers who agree with G. E. Moore's notion of the "naturalistic fallacy." In this article, we focus on the relationship between the metaphysics of the self and its implications for ethics, particularly a bioethical perspective on the mental well-being of human beings in terms of compassion, empathy and love. Such a perspective has the potential of self-transformation by using the tools of Philosophical Counselling in tune with Krishnamurti's insights and dialogues of Zen K?ans. Can we speak about empathy as a path or empathy as a goal? Also, can we speak about self-compassion and compassion for others as being separated or divided? The response lies beyond dualism, beyond categories that we are used to, that we are trained to see. Through the exploration of Krishnamurti's insights on thought, memory, knowledge and experience, which show that these are always limited and therefore bring division and conflict, and then Zen K?ans as a dialogue between the master and a disciple(s), where disciple(s) should get freed from the ideas, forms, and all that is created by thought, we arrive at the place where duality ends. And where duality ends, there dwells empathy, love and compassion opening up possibilities for self-transformation through philosophising. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7682 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7589 Home as Heterotopia: Describing the unheimlich through a Foucauldian Heterotopology of Home George, V.M.; Tharakan, K. The experience of the unheimlich, interpreted by Paul Ricoeur as the sense of otherness in a space, is indescribable in terms of the classic description of home. To generate a new perspective to overcome this "blocked situation," we reflect on a "heterotopology of home," i.e., a description of Michel Foucault's concept of heterotopia (an "other space") as a metaphor for home. After considering heterotopia as a fluid concept that allows "displacement" to the new situation of home, a heterotopology of home is described by summarizing and analyzing the multitude of past readings of home as heterotopia through Hilde Heynen's framework. A reflection on the heterotopology of home reinterprets the experience of the heimlich and understanding of selfhood in relation to the unheimlich, as exemplified through Mariana Ortega's accounts of "hometactics" and "multiplicitous selves" and Georg Simmel's notion of "the stranger." In conclusion, we argue that a Foucauldian heterotopology of home overcomes the blocked situation by transforming the perception of home: the experience of the unheimlich becomes describable in the terms of home as heterotopia. In this process, the instances of heterotopia are extended from "other spaces" to spaces of everyday life, also transforming the previous description of heterotopia. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7589 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7525 Transcendental Phenomenology: Philosophy and Methodology Tharakan, K. Transcendental phenomenology, as developed by Edmund Husserl, critiques dogmatic philosophizing and emphasizes the return to "things themselves." Husserl distinguishes phenomenology from empirical sciences by grounding cognition in intuitive presentations rather than sensory experiences. He introduces the notion of eidetic intuition, arguing that essences are directly grasped in intuition, not abstracted from individual instances. Phenomenology, as a rigorous science, aims to provide a foundational critique of sciences by elucidating the intentional structure of consciousness. It distinguishes between the natural attitude of empirical sciences and the phenomenological attitude, which involves a reflective analysis revealing the noesis-noema structure of experience. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/7525 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z