Ba-doped bismuth ferrite with chemical composition Bi sub(1) - sub(x)Ba sub(x)FeO sub(3) (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) nanoparticles were synthesized by the wet chemical sol-gel method. The substitution of Ba sup(2+) ...

Crystallization pathways are essential to various industrial, geological, and biological processes. In nonclassical nucleation theory, prenucleation clusters (PNCs) form, aggregate, and crystallize to produce higher order ...

Nanostructured materials, characterized by their unique physical and chemical attributes at the nanoscale, enable the development of advanced applications due to their distinct size-dependent phenomena and surface properties. ...