Volatiles in the Rhizosphere: Bioprospecting for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security

Abstract

Volatile organic compounds are low molecular weight lipophilic molecules with low boiling points and an appreciable vapor pressure under ambient conditions and constitute a small proportion of the total number of metabolites produced by living organisms. Volatiles are important aromatic compounds found in foods that evoke gustatory response in humans and animals. In addition they have important role in mediating communication between living organisms. Due to their roles as signaling molecules, within and between organisms, studies with regard to structural and functional diversities of these compounds are essential for an improved understanding of cellular and organismal communications in living systems. Since plant–microbe interactions are one of the most fascinating ecological phenomena that help to sustain the food cycle, ecological balance, and environmental stability, this chapter highlights the diversity of volatiles present in the plant rhizosphere. The rhizovolatiles discussed here include those produced by plants as well as by microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere. This chapter focuses on the role of these volatiles in the establishment of successful association between plants and other organisms and their beneficial effects on plant growth and development. This will value-add to our present understanding of the chemical cues defining the complexity and dynamism of rhizosphere functioning. At the end, this synthesis emphasizes on the potentiality of these volatiles for sustainable agriculture and food production to ensure food security.