Trophic dynamics of few selected nearshore coastal finfishes with emphasis on prawns as prey item

Abstract

A trophic dynamic study of marine finfishes was undertaken based on stomach content analysis of twenty four species (N = 1742) collected from the nearshore coastal waters off Goa, west coast of India (15 degrees 29′07.6" N to 15 degrees 34′44.3" N, and 73 degrees 38′10.5" E to 73 degrees 46′03.1" E) during November 2010 to May 2013. This study aimed to thoroughly understand the feeding attributes of finfishes, and comprehend the possible effects of bycatch-related loss of biomass on trophic ecology. The study assessed diet preferences of the finfishes, their feeding guilds, significance of prawns as prey items, and the influence of mouth parts in prey selection. Altogether 84 prey taxa were identified from the stomach contents. Percentage Index of Relative Importance (IRI) values revealed that zooplankton (34.74), prawns (21.71), phytoplankton (19.80), and teleosts (18.62) were the major prey categories, and, among prawns, Metapenaeus dobsoni (percent IRI = 19.34) was the single-most important prey item. Cluster analysis revealed three major trophic guilds namely 'teleost feeders' (mean Trophic Level (TrL) = 4.06 plus or minus 0.42; mean B = 0.46 plus or minus 0.24), 'zooplankton feeders' (mean TrL = 3.43 plus or minus 0.29; mean B = 0.23 plus or minus 0.13), and 'prawn feeders' (mean TrL = 3.86 plus or minus 0.25; mean B = 0.48 plus or minus 0.32), with low diet overlap among them. Principal Component Analysis of prey categories and mouth parts of finfishes suggested that zooplanktivory is associated with gill raker density as well as number of gill arches bearing rakers, whereas gape height determined the size of large-sized prey (fish and invertebrates). The study identified M. dobsoni, mysis and teleosts as highly influential prey for predatory finfishes. The present results could be useful to resolve broader issues in fisheries management.