Role of nanoparticles in advanced biomedical research (Chapter 21)

Abstract

Nanomaterials have always fascinated researchers by their unique physical and chemical properties that differ significantly from bulk counterparts. The growing interest in nanoparticles suggests their potential in various fields such as electronics, communications, catalysis, environmental issues, medical diagnostics, therapeutics, etc. The upsurge of nanoparticles in biomedical research and applications is the outcome of interesting biological behavior at nanodimensions that can be utilized in medical diagnosis, drug delivery, and anticancer therapy. Metallic nanoparticles of noble metals such as gold, silver, and superparamagnetic iron oxide with appropriate surface coating have been explored for possible theranostic applications in anticancer therapy. Among the nonmetallic systems, the carbon-based graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes have been investigated extensively for biomedical applications. Also, these materials are being looked upon as probable candidates for photothermal therapy. We have attempted in this chapter to give an overview of metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles in advanced biomedical research with reference to drug delivery and anticancer therapy.