Valorization of low-cost agro-wastes residues for the maximum production of protease and lipase haloextremozymes by Haloferax lucentensis GUBF-2 MG076078

Abstract

Agro-food wastes rich in macronutrients are a replacement for expensive carbon and nitrogen sources used for enzyme production. In the present study, we aimed to valorize low-cost agro-wastes for the simultaneous production of protease and lipase haloextremozyme using Haloferax lucentensis GUBF-2 MG076078, characterization of agro-waste residues, and to apply haloextremozyme as Bio-additive in detergent formulation. It was observed that GUBF-2 efficiently hydrolyzed nine different agro-wastes with shrimp waste, and coconut oil cake yielded the highest protease (101.9 U/mL) and lipase (5.83 U/mL), respectively, under optimized conditions of 30 percent NaCl, pH 6, and 42 degrees C. Further, SDS-PAGE of cell-free fermented agro-wastes revealed peptides from 212 to 34.6 kDa. Hydrolysates functioned as DPPH radical scavengers with maxima for shrimp waste (45.0 plus or minus 1.15 percent). SEM manifested structural alteration of fermented residues. FTIR showed degradation of proteins observed as 1640-1652 and 840-881 cm sup(-1) absorptions with a fading peak at 1742 cm sup(-1) indicating triacylglyceride hydrolysis. Furthermore, haloextremozyme-bio-additive detergent formulation efficiently removed 67.6 plus or minus 3.19 percent oil and 61.0 plus or minus 3.60 percent blood stains than 0.5 percent Triton X-100. Conclusively, Haloferax lucentensis GUBF-2 MG076078 is a prospective strain for simultaneous protease and lipase haloextremozyme production from agro-food wastes, considering both cost efficiency and associated waste disposal problems.