The Fate of Microplastics from Terrestrial to Coastal Environments Along the Western Continental Margin of India (Chapter 25)

Abstract

Microplastics, defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, have become a significant environmental problem in both terrestrial and riverine environments worldwide. Recent research has focused on understanding the impact of microplastics in these areas, especially since rivers are major carriers of land-based microplastics to oceans. In this chapter, we review the existing literature on microplastic contamination in the western Indian Margin. While limited studies have provided basic information on the abundance, characteristics (such as shape, size, colour, and polymer types), surface morphology, and risks of microplastics in coastal regions, there is much more to be explored. Microplastics have been found in rivers, atmosphere, sediments, and soil in these areas. Comparing global data on microplastic pollution reveals that contamination levels in the terrestrial and riverine environments of India's western states are particularly severe. These preliminary findings shed light on the sources, effects, fate, and associated risks of microplastics. Further, extensive and in-depth research are required to explore the environmental matrices affected by microplastics in these regions, which will help in policy-making decisions to safeguard the environment.