S-alkylated pyridyl-linked oxadiazole thione derivatives: Synthesis, dual Alpha-amylase/Alpha-glucosidase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory evaluation

Abstract

In type II diabetes mellitus, inhibition of the enzymes Alpha-amylase and Alpha-glucosidase is an effective strategy for managing postprandial hyperglycemia. Given the therapeutic significance of Alpha-amylase and Alpha-glucosidase inhibition, this study reports the synthesis of twelve S-alkylated pyridyl-linked oxadiazole thione derivatives from 2-chloronicotinic acid via a multistep synthetic route, evaluated as potential antidiabetic agents, which have been well characterized by FT-IR, sup(1)H/ sup(13)C NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were docked with target proteins Alpha-glucosidase (PDB: 3L4Y) and Alpha-amylase (PDB: 4GQR). All synthesized compounds were assessed in vitro for their inhibitory activity against Alpha-amylase and Alpha-glucosidase, along with their anti-inflammatory potential. Compound 6f showed excellent Alpha-amylase and Alpha-glucosidase, and 6g showed anti-inflammatory properties among all the screened compounds.