The dairy industry is a significant sector within the food industries, known for its high-water consumption and consequent generation of dairy wastewater (DWW), which is rich in pollutants like Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ...

The increase of industrial activities has led to the production of toxic pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, phenols, organic compounds, etc., in the aquatic system leading to water pollution. This increase ...