Evaluating tourism-led development and development-led tourism models: socioeconomic and environmental perspectives in emerging economies

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between tourism and economic development using a comparative analysis of tourism-led development (TLD) and development-led tourism (DLT) models in developing countries. By employing Granger causality tests - an econometric method used to analyse whether one variable influences another over time - and analysing Adjusted Net Savings (ANS), which measures national wealth sustainability, the study identifies key economic and social trends. Findings suggest that while TLD countries exhibit higher GDP growth, DLT countries demonstrate stronger social equity and environmental preservation. Policy recommendations emphasize sustainable tourism models to enhance economic inclusion and infrastructure development.