Abstract:
The marine environment is an invaluable natural goods and biomaterials resource. Sponges, abundant members of marine benthic ecosystems, are a significant source of bioactive secondary metabolites, including chitin, chitosan, ceramic, biosilica, and collagen. The sponge microbiome includes several different species of symbiotic bacteria. These symbiotic bacteria may produce the bioactive compounds found in marine sponges. In the laboratory, most prokaryotes are unculturable, and the metabolite productivity of the cultured bacteria is inadequate, quantity-wise. Consequently, metagenomics can be employed to analyze and produce bioactive substances. Using metagenome mining, discovering new natural product biosynthetic routes from different bacterial consortia is feasible. The basic technologies utilized are identifying the biosynthetic genes in the metagenome of sponge microbiomes and creating a metagenomic library. Separation of biosynthetic gene clusters that might eventually be utilized to generate sustainable natural product sources through heterologous expression. The expression of these genes in readily culturable bacteria results in higher yields of bioactive natural compounds. This review primarily emphasizes metagenomic technologies for using the metabolic pathways of symbiotic bacteria linked with marine sponges.
